Malachite
Malachite is named after Greek word for "mallow" because of its resemblance to the leaves of the Mallow plant. It is a green, very common secondary copper mineral with a widely variable habit. Malachite shows a banding of light and dark layers with concentric rings, straight stripes and other figurative shapes caused by its shell-like formation.
Malachite was popular in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome and was used for jewelry, amulets, as a powder for eye shadow and colouring pigment. Nowadays it is popular for jewelry and ornaments.
Malachite dust is toxic and must not be inhaled during cutting and polishing.
Azurmalachite is an extremely colourful massive material that combines the rich hues of
malachite and
azurite.
Malachite Gemstones by Size
This table shows distribution of Malachite gemstone sizes that are listed on this site. This can give a good indication as to the general availability of this gemstone in different sizes.
2.87ct to 261.63ct261.63ct to 520.40ct520.40ct to 779.16ct779.16ct to 1,037.92ct1,037.92ct to 1,296.69ct1,296.69ct to 1,555.45ct1,555.45ct to 1,814.21ct1,814.21ct to 2,072.97ct2,072.97ct to 2,331.74ct2,331.74ct to 2,590.50ct
General Information |
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Chemical Formula | Michael O’Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) More from other references |
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Malachite Treatments |
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Malachite often takes a rather poor polish and paraffin wax is used to improve the appearance and hide small cracks; epoxy resins could be similarly used - Nassau (1984)
The surface can be hardened with artificial resin. - Gemstones of the world, Walter Schumann, 2001, p 176 |
Physical Properties of Malachite |
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Mohs Hardness | 3.5 to 4Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Specific Gravity | 3.25 to 4.10Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references |
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Cleavage Quality | PerfectWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references |
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Fracture | Conchoidal,SplinteryArthur Thomas, Gemstones (2009) |
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Heat Sensitivity | Sensitive to heat and hot waters.Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Optical Properties of Malachite |
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Refractive Index | 1.655 to 1.909Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Optical Character | Biaxial/-Ulrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) More from other references |
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Birefringence | 0.250 to 0.254Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Pleochroism | AbsentWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references |
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Dispersion | NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references |
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Colour |
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Colour (General) | Deep saturated green and show characteristic bandingMichael O’Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) More from other references |
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Causes of Colour | Green, Cu2+ in octahedral coordinationW. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011) |
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Transparency | OpaqueUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) More from other references |
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Lustre | Vitreous,Silky,Dull (Earthy)Arthur Thomas, Gemstones (2009) |
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Fluorescence & other light emissions |
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Fluorescence (General) | NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Crystallography of Malachite |
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Crystal System | MonoclinicHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Habit | Aggregates of radial fibres with botryoidal forms or stalactitic/stalacmitic structureUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) More from other references |
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Geological Environment |
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Where found: | Malachite occurs as a common secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits and can be an ore of copper.Michael O’Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) |
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Inclusions in Malachite |
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Often intergrown with azurite, turquoise, chrysocolla - Blue Chart Gem Identification, Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, 2010, p 4 |
Further Information |
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Mineral information: | Malachite information at mindat.org |
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Significant Gem Localities |
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| DR Congo | |
- Sicomines copper-cobalt project
| | | Namibia | |
| Gems, Sixth Edition, Michael O’Donoghue, 2006, p. 426 | | Peru | |
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| J.Hyrsl (2012) Gemstones of Peru, p. 55 | | Russia | |
| Gems, Sixth Edition, Michael O’Donoghue, 2006, p. 426 | | USA | |
| Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 37. |
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