General Information | ||||||||||||||
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Chemical Formula |
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Physical Properties of Copal | ||||||||||||||
Mohs Hardness | 2 to 3Gemmological Tables (2004) , More from other references | |||||||||||||
Specific Gravity | 1.05 to 1.10Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) , More from other references | |||||||||||||
Optical Properties of Copal | ||||||||||||||
Refractive Index | 1.539 to 1.545Tables of Gemstone Identification (2007) , | |||||||||||||
Optical Character | IsotropicGemmological Tables (2004) , | |||||||||||||
Colour | ||||||||||||||
Colour (General) | Yellow, white, red, green, blue, brown, blackGemmological Tables (2004) , | |||||||||||||
Causes of Colour | Charge transfer processes in large organic moleculesGems & Gemology (1988) | |||||||||||||
Transparency | Transparent,Translucent,OpaqueGemmological Tables (2004) , | |||||||||||||
Fluorescence & other light emissions | ||||||||||||||
Fluorescence (Short Wave UV) | Possible whitish reactionBlue Chart Gem Identification (2010) , | |||||||||||||
Crystallography of Copal | ||||||||||||||
Crystal System | AmorphousGemmological Tables (2004) , | |||||||||||||
Geological Environment | ||||||||||||||
Where found: | Copal is a fossil resin that derived from various tropical angiosperms.Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) , | |||||||||||||
Inclusions in Copal | ||||||||||||||
Plant and insect inclusions. - Gemstones, A. Thomas, 2009, p. 199 | ||||||||||||||
Further Information | ||||||||||||||
Mineral information: | Copal information at mindat.org |