Cordierite (Iolite)
Cordierite was discovered in 1813 and is named after the French geologist Louis Cordier. It is also called Iolite (Greek - violet), and is sometimes misleadingly termed "Water sapphire".
Cordierite is famous for its remarkable trichroism: deep violet-blue (looking down the length of the prism) - blue-gray or yellowish-brown (when viewed through the sides). Oriented correctly Cordierite can be cut into attractive deep blue faceted gems.
"Bloodshot Iolite" originates from Sri Lanka. It has a distinct reddish sheen or aventurescence, caused by
hematite and
goethite inclusions.
Varieties with Cat's eye effect and weak asterism are known.
General Information |
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Other Names/Trade Names: | |
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Chemical Formula | Ulrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) More from other references |
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Physical Properties of Cordierite |
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Mohs Hardness | 7 to 7.5Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Specific Gravity | 2.56 to 2.66Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Tenacity | BrittleWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Cleavage Quality | GoodWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Fracture | Uneven,ConchoidalWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Optical Properties of Cordierite |
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Refractive Index | 1.542 to 1.578Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references |
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Optical Character | Biaxial/+,-Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Birefringence | 0.008 to 0.012Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Pleochroism | Strong trichroism: colorless to yellowish - pale blue - dark (violet)-blueHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Dispersion | 0.017Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Chatoyancy | YesUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) |
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Colour |
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Colour (General) | Mostly (violet)-blueHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Causes of Colour | Violet to blue, Fe2+-O-Fe3+ charge transfer. Red, hematite and/or lepidocrocite inclusionsW. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011) |
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Transparency | Transparent,TranslucentWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references |
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Lustre | Vitreous,GreasyWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Fluorescence & other light emissions |
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Fluorescence (General) | NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) |
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Crystallography of Cordierite |
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Crystal System | OrthorhombicHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references |
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Habit | Short prismatic crystals and may be pseudohexagonalMichael O’Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) |
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Geological Environment |
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Where found: | Most gem material occurs as water-worn pebbles. Apart from alluvial, occurs in a variety of environments, including altered aluminous and igneous rocks.Michael O’Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) |
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Inclusions in Cordierite |
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Tabular parallel brownish-red iron oxide: may cause glittery effect (bloodshot iolite) - Blue Chart Gem Identification, Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, 2010, p 6
Inclusions: hematite, rutile, apatite, mica, etc. - Gemmological Tables, Ulrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, 2004, p 7 |
Further Information |
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Mineral information: | Cordierite information at mindat.org |
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Significant Gem Localities |
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| Canada | |
| Gems, Sixth Edition, Michael O’Donoghue, 2006, p. 419 | | Finland | |
| | | Greenland | |
- Aappaluttoq Ruby Occurrences
| | | India | |
| S. Fernandes (1999) |
| S. Fernandes (1999) |
| S. Fernandes (1999) |
| S. Fernandes (1999) | | Madagascar | |
| Lefevre and Thomas (1997) | | Myanmar | |
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| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | | Norway | |
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| | | Russia | |
- Krasnoshchyokovsky District
| Y. Shelementiev (1999) | | Sri Lanka | |
| Milisenda and Henn (1999) | | USA | |
- East Mayacmas Mining District
| Brice, J.C. (1953), Geology of Lower Lake quadrangle, California: California Division Mines Bulletin 166; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 314. |
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